Take two photographic polarizing filters.
Sandwich them together. Rotate one of the filters. Light transmitted
through the filters will fade from lighter to completely blacked out as the
planes of the polarized material crosses through each other's axis. Now, try
the same thing with the piece of glass sandwiched between the two filters,
and rotate one of the filters. If the glass in untempered, the light
transmitted through the filters will act the same way, fading from lighter to
blacked out. If the glass IS tempered, an interesting phenomena will occur:
as the filters are rotated, a black cross will form through the filters.
It's an unmistakable sign: if the cross is there, the glass is tempered.